A thermoelectric (TE) module, also known as a Peltier assembly, is a semiconductor device that utilizes the Peltier effect to transfer heat from one side of the module to the other when a low voltage DC power source is applied. This unique phenomenon allows for cooling on one face of the module while simultaneously heating the opposite face. By reversing the polarity of the DC voltage, the direction of heat transfer can be reversed as well. TE modules can also generate an electric current when a temperature differential is applied across the device. This characteristic makes them versatile in applications where both heating and cooling are required, such as temperature regulation in electronic devices, environmental control systems, and scientific instrumentation. TE modules are classified based on various factors including the type of heat transfer, cooling power, current rating, voltage requirements, and overall dimensions. The choice of a specific TE module depends on the particular application's thermal management needs and desired performance characteristics. These modules find application in diverse industries, including automotive, aerospace, telecommunications, medical, and consumer electronics. They provide efficient and compact cooling solutions for electronic components, enabling precise temperature control and thermal stabilization. In summary, thermoelectric modules or Peltier assemblies harness the Peltier effect to achieve heat transfer and temperature control. Their ability to generate cooling or heating effects by applying a low voltage DC power source makes them invaluable in numerous industries where precise thermal management is essential.
